Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are a new class of antidiabetic drugs. The GLP-1RA currently on the market in China include Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Lixisenatide, and Beinaglutide.
Liraglutide, Semaglutide, and Dulaglutide injection are approved in the United States to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in adult patients with type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease.
Liraglutide injection (3.0mg) is the world's first GLP-1RA approved by the US FDA and European EMA for weight loss.
Liraglutide injection (3.0mg) and Semaglutide injection (2.4mg) are approved for adult weight management in the United States. They are mainly suitable for patients with BMI ≥ 30kg/m2, or patients with BMI ≥ 27kg/m2 and complications.
In addition to lowering blood sugar, some GLP-1RAs have other functions:
1. Cardiovascular protective effects:
Liraglutide, Semaglutide, and Dulaglutide all have cardiovascular protective effects.
2. Weight-loss effect:GLP-1RA drugs can reduce patients' weight to varying degrees, but at this stage, only some drugs have been approved for weight-loss treatment indications. According to the recommendations of the "Standards of Medical Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes 2024" published by the American Diabetes Association, the doses of Liraglutide and Semaglutide for weight loss are larger than for blood sugar reduction.
3. Renal protection:
It shows that Dulaglutide, Semaglutide and Liraglutide all show good kidney protection and can be used as hypoglycemic drugs for T2DM patients with renal damage.
4. The therapeutic effect of T2DM combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Liraglutide and Semaglutide are proven to be effective in treating fatty liver, slowing down the process of fibrosis and reducing cardiovascular risk.
5. Therapeutic effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). After use, long-acting Liraglutide can significantly improve the number of natural pregnancies, the frequency and regularity of menstrual cycles, and the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization in PCOS patients.
Reference
[1]. Liu Y, Tian Q, Yang J, et al. No pancreatic safety concern following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapies : A pooled analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials [J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2018,34(8):e3061
[2]. KOSIBOROD MN, PETRIE MC, BORLAUG BA, et al. Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity-Related Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2024, 390(15):1394-1407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2313917
