Dihydromyricetin has many significant pharmacological effects, but its solubility and permeability are poor. The solubility of dihydromyricetin in water is only 0.7mg/mL, resulting in poor bioavailability of dihydromyricetin.
The solubility of DHM in water at 25°C is 263.54 mg/L, and heating can increase its water solubility.
Low stability in the intestinal environment :
Dihydromyricetin is stable under acidic conditions (pH 3-6), but is easily decomposed under alkaline conditions. Studies have found that after incubation for 2 hours under pH 8.0 and 9.0 conditions, dihydromyricetin The retention amounts are only 25% and 5% respectively. The small intestinal fluid is a weakly alkaline environment, so dihydromyricetin is unstable and easily decomposes in the intestinal fluid environment.
Poor bioavailability:
Dihydromyricetin has poor oral bioavailability, only 4.02%. After oral administration of dihydromyricetin at a dose of 100 mg/kg, the Cmax in rat plasma was only about 80 ng/m L.
At present, the large amount of dihydromyricetin added and its insolubility in water limit the application of many food dosage forms. Therefore, the development of dihydromyricetin in functional foods still has major limitations.
Its metabolism in the body involves isomerization, reduction, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Therefore, improving the bioavailability and stability of dihydromyricetin is a difficult problem that needs to be overcome in research.
